Introduction. Prosthetic plastic with the use of polymeric materials has become main practice in modern herniology. Issues of application of synthetic endoprosthesis under condition of bacterial contamination are the point at discussion. The potential and justification of such approach are arguable, while the closest and more remote outcomes are actively being examined.

Aim of the work is to study the opportunities of synthetic materials application under conditions of compromising area interference of patients with urgent surgery pathology. Materials and methods. 2152 patients have been operated on hernia and prosthetic plastics of abdominal wall have been carried out to 1537 patients with the use of synthetic materials in Surgery of Municipal Hospital № 35 in Nizhny Novgorod. Moreover, the outcomes of constricted hernia treatment of 445 persons have been reviewed. Patients with constricted hernia were included to the main group and were carried out prosthesis plastics (n = 281). Patients, who were carried out plastics with their own tissue, have been ascribed to the control group (n = 164). The groups were comparable by sex, age, characteristic of the main and concomitant pathology. Potential for application of synthetic materials for open abdomen for widespread peritonitis (n = 82) has also been analyzed. Two options have been used – polyethylene perforated film and polymeric coating made of reperen by patent RF № 102192. The findings of treatment of patients with eventration (n = 57), including with application of filigree, have been examined. Findings and their discussion. Frequency of complication of the disease after hernia surgery was significantly higher among persons with urgent pathology. There were no considerable differences in this regard between the categories of persons with ventral and inguinal hernia. Frequency of complications didn’t have clear correlation with age. During the treatment of patients with constricted hernia this indicator didn’t differ significantly in the main and control groups. The application of prosthesis plastics didn’t impact significantly on the frequency of infections in the area of surgical interference. Utilization of special polymeric coating for open abdomen while treating patients with widespread peritonitis enabled to exclude contact of suture with knuckle, provide adequate drainage of abdominal space, sustain allowed limits of abdominal pressure, observe the character and quantity of exudate and assess the situation dynamically prior to performing regular revision and sanitation, and timely make tactical decisions. The usage of synthetic materials of eventration treatment allowed to fully exclude the development of occasional eventrations. Increase in frequency of pyoinflammatory complications and formation of intestinal fistula were not observed. Conclusion. Application of tension-free technique for constricted hernia allows to perform reconstruction and correction, fast and firmly close hernia defect, and at the same time frequency of systematic complications decreases, whereas pyoinflammatory complications don’t increase. The usage of synthetic materials for open abdomen for widespread peritonitis allows to provide exudate outflow, control abdominal pressure, and avoid a number of complications or timely reveal them. Implantation of filigree for final closure of abdominal space and tension-free plastic on eventration are possible on availability of experience and under a number of conditions.

Purpose – development of practical recommendations for prevention and treatment of infectious wound complications at prosthetic hernioplasty, based on the peculiarities of blood supply of the front abdominal wall. Materials and methods. 851 surgeries of prosthetic hernioplasty were made in Propaedeutic Surgery Clinic of Samara State Medical University throughout 2010–2013. The most of infectious complications developed after tension-free hernioplasty of big postoperative ventral hernias, with size of hernia orifice of 10 cm and more (W3–W4, Chevrel–Rath, 1999). 118 hernia repairs have been done for such hernias. These surgeries are peculiar by wide mobilization of cutaneous fat flaps and implant contact with the subcutaneous tissue. The imaging of blood vessels in median masses of the anterior abdominal wall was carried out using anatomic material. Results. Very interesting results were obtained with respect to peculiarities of blood supply to the skin and subcutaneous tissues of anterior abdominal wall, upon pumping of zinc sulfide and lead acetate to the epigastric arteries. The infectious wound complications after prosthetic hernioplasty are mostly concerned with the ischemia of cutaneous and subcutaneous flaps, which wide mobilization causes considerable blood supply disturbance and cellular tissue hemorrhages. In cases of hernia orifices size of 10 cm and more, the occurrence rate of infectious wound complications was 13,6 %. Conclusions. In case of wide mobilization of cutaneous fat flaps, the excision of deep layers of subcutaneous cellular tissue is possible and the aspiration drainage is mandatory. The ischemic genesis of complications causes a possibility of restricted surgical activity. Even development of infectious complications does not prevent the implant survival.

Possibilities of application of various methods of anesthesia of patients with surgical infections are reviewed in the article. The problems of anesthesia related with peculiarities of the process of surgical infection, localization, and characteristics of surgical treatment, as well as with the initial physical status of the patient determined with the age and severity of accompanying diseases were discussed.

Objektive is to identify the place of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in complex therapy of children’s wounds. Materials and methods. The HBO method in complex therapy of wounds has been used for 106 children aged 9 ± 4,5. In the 1st group (n = 66) HBO was conducted at presurgery stage; in the 2nd group (n = 40) – at post-surgery stage. Therapeutic sessions were conducted in the intensive care altitude chamber Sechrist-3200 (USA), 10 (9,4 %) children were on artificial lungs ventilation. HBO sessions were carried out with pressure during the period of 1,2–1,5 АТА isopresssure, with course from 8 to 15 sessions. Findings. The use of HBO before surgery (1st group) promotes acceleration of demarcation of devitalized tissues, improvement of trophism of surviving tissues, which enables identification of surgical tactics in earlier stage and preparation for plastic closure. Use of HBO in post-surgery treatment of wounds (2nd group) increases the survival rate of mobilized and implanted tissues, stimulates marginal epithelialization, decreases soft tissues oedema, promotes formation of elastic cicatricial tissue and retention of traumatized limb function. Conclusion. Implementation of HBO sessions under conditions of reanimation altitude chamber proves to be an effective method in combination therapy of major wound defects in pre-surgery as well as post-surgery stages regardless of child’s condition and period of the wound.

The method for automatic recording and analysis of motor activity of neutrophils based upon the Magiscan 2A image analysis system allows conducting express diagnostics of motility of neutrophils of patients. It was shown that cells with various speed of movement on glass are contained in the population of neutrophils. The average speed of movement of neutrophil population is a stable indicator of movement activity of the population and can serve as an objective parameter of the functional state of neutrophils with various diseases. Patients with purulent surgical infections manifest correlation between inhibition of neutrophil motility and deteriorating of clinical status of patients (speed in μm / min, healthy donors – 8.8; patients of average severity – 6.5; serious patients – 3.3). Blood serum of serious patients had an inhibitory effect on the migration of neutrophils from healthy donors. Increasing of the average speed of movement of neutrophils from 3.4 to 7.1 μm / min in 1 to 2 days after a radical surgery (amputation) was demonstrated among 11 patients with the diabetic gangrene of the foot. Previously, we have shown the existence of reciprocal relationships between motility of neutrophils and their activation. Inhibition of motility of neutrophils with surgical diseases can be explained by their priming or activation.

The article presents a successful experience of complex multi-stage surgical treatment of a severe open comminuted fracture of the humerus with large detachment and crushing of the soft tissues of the upper limb. Special attention was paid to approaches to performance of staged surgical treatment and preparation of the wound to plastic closing, state-of-art treatment methods that include negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), treatment of wounds with a "pulsating liquid jet", use of noninvasive means for the topical treatment of wounds. The whole complex of the proposed surgical and conservative methods allowed transferring of the wound process from the complicated to the normal category, reposition and closing of the fracture area with fully functional soft tissues, complete elimination of the extensive injury of the upper extremity in a functionally active region, to a greater extent at the expense of local surrounding tissues, as well as achievement of the good functional and cosmetic effect.

The article presents a method of surgical treatment that may be used for therapy of diabetic osteoarthropathy in the cases of complete loss of support ability of limbs due to purulent complications: total purulent destructive osteoarthritis of the ankle joint, panflegmona involving the middle and posterior skeletal sections of the foot (patent application No. 2014142790 dated 23.10.2014). The method is in two-stage surgical treatment of this category of patients. The 1st stage is guillotine amputation of the lower third of the shin that allows removing the purulent center, which causes severe intoxication in patients and determines, in particular, the severity of their condition, radically, completely and quickly (within 5–7 min), and significantly reducing intraoperative blood loss and "energy loss" through the wound in the postoperative period (the small size of the wound with guillotine amputation), which leads to rapid recovery in the postoperative period; as well as stopping swelling of the leg as soon as possible and creating the conditions for reamputation with saving of the knee joint. The 2nd stage is reamputation of the affected extremity on the border of the upper and the middle third of the shin with the fasciomyoplastic method as a scheduled surgery. Due to application of the two-staged surgical, it is possible to prevent development of generalization of the infection and death, save the knee joint, reduce the rehabilitation period, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.