<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">riri</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Раны и раневые инфекции. Журнал имени проф. Б.М. Костючёнка</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Wounds and wound infections. The prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2408-9613</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0594</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional non-governmental organization “Surgical society - Wounds and wound infections”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25199/2408-9613-2020-7-3-20-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">riri-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковая кавитация в лечении нейроишемической формы синдрома диабетической стопы при наличии биопленочных форм бактерий (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasonic cavitation in the treatment of neuro-ischemic diabetic foot the presence of biofilm forms of bacteria (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митиш</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitish</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий Афанасьевич Митиш</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitish01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасхалова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paskhalova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муньос Сэпэда</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Munioz Sepeda</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блатун</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blatun</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>I. V. Borisov</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “A. V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery” Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples' Friendship University of Russia” Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples' Friendship University of Russia” Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “A. V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery” Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Митиш В.А., Пасхалова Ю.С., Муньос Сэпэда П.А., Ушаков А.А., Блатун Л.А., Борисов И.В., Магомедова С.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Митиш В.А., Пасхалова Ю.С., Муньос Сэпэда П.А., Ушаков А.А., Блатун Л.А., Борисов И.В., Магомедова С.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mitish V.A., Paskhalova Y.S., Munioz Sepeda P.A., Ushakov A.A., Blatun L.A., Borisov I.V., Magomedova S.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.riri.su/jour/article/view/241">https://www.riri.su/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>Постоянный рост количества пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД), среди которых частота появления длительно незаживающих ран многократно выше, чем в популяции в целом, требует постоянного анализа протоколов лечения и их коррекции при необходимости. К особенностям течения раневого процесса при наличии СД следует отнести извращенность фаз и сниженный репаративный потенциал. Еще одна проблема – инфекционный процесс, протекающий на фоне СД. К его особенностям относят тенденцию к хронизации, частое персистирование резистентных и полирезистентных форм бактерий, образование биопленок. Все эти факторы подталкивают к поиску новых подходов к лечению, и одним из динамически развивающихся направлений является дополнительная обработка ран различными видами физических энергий. С одной стороны, использование влияния отрицательного давления, ультразвука, плазменных потоков, пульсирующей струи жидкости и проч. на течение раневого процесса исследуется уже несколько десятилетий. Вместе с тем есть еще много нерешенных проблем. Одна из них – эффективность ультразвуковой кавитации при лечении гнойно-некротических осложнений нейроишемической формы синдрома диабетической стопы (СДС) при наличии в ране биопленочных форм бактерий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The constant increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus, among whom the incidence of long-term non-healing wounds is many times higher than in the general population, requires constant analysis of treatment protocols and their correction, if necessary. The peculiarities of the wound healing process in the presence of diabetes mellitus include phase perversion and reduced reparative potential. Another problem is the infectious process taking place against the background of diabetes mellitus. Its features include a tendency towards chronicity, frequent persistence of resistant and multiresistive forms of bacteria, and the formation of biofilms. All these factors are pushing to search for new approaches to treatment, and one of the dynamically developing areas is additional treatment of wounds with various types of physical energies. On the one hand, the use of negative pressure, ultrasound, plasma flows, a pulsating jet of liquid, etc. of the wound healing process has been studied for several decades. At the same time, there are still many unanswered problems. One of them is the effectiveness of ultrasonic cavitation in the treatment of purulent-necrotic complications of the neuro-ischemic diabetic foot in the presence of biofilm forms of bacteria in the wound.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковая кавитация</kwd><kwd>синдром диабетической стопы</kwd><kwd>нейроишемическая форма</kwd><kwd>хронические раны</kwd><kwd>биопленки</kwd><kwd>биопленочные формы бактерий</kwd><kwd>дополнительные методы обработки ран</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot and Practical Guidelines on the Management and the Prevention of the Diabetic foot // International Working Group on the Diabetic foot. 2007. Режим доступа: www. igdf.org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot and Practical Guidelines on the Management and the Prevention of the Diabetic foot // International Working Group on the Diabetic foot. 2007. Режим доступа: www. igdf.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Международное соглашение по диабетической стопе / пер. Е. Ю. Комелягиной, И. В. Гурьевой; под ред. И. В. Гурьевой. М.: Берег, 2000. 97 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International agreement on diabetic foot = Mezhdunarodnoe soglashenie po diabeticheskoi stope / per. E. Yu. Komelyaginoi, I. V. Gur'evoi; pod red. I. V. Gur'evoi. M.: Bereg, 2000. 97 s. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Викулова О. К. Регистр сахарного диабета: Результаты работы 2018, требования к заполнению, критические ошибки. Режим доступа: https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/all/EVENTS2019/NEWS%20SUM/13.03.19%20Prof.komissia/VIK_Exp_13.03.19.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vikulova O. K. Register of diabetes mellitus: results of work in 2018, requirements for filling, critical errors = Vikulova O. K. Registr sakharnogo diabeta: rezul’taty raboty 2018, trebovaniya k zapolneniyu, kriticheskiye oshibki (In Russ.)] Режим доступа: https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/all/EVENTS2019/NEWS%20SUM/13.03.19%20Prof.komissia/VIK_Exp_13.03.19.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевченко Е. В., Хлопенко Н. А. Действие ультразвука на организм. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2006; 60 (2): 96–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko E. V., Khlopenko N. A. The effect of ultrasound on the body = Shevchenko E. V., Khlopenko N. A. Deystviye ul’trazvuka na organizm. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2006; 60 (2): 96–99. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раны и раневая инфекция / под ред. М. И. Кузина, Б. М. Костюченока. М.: Медицина, 1990. 687 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wounds and wound infection = Rany i ranevaya infektsiya / pod red. M. I. Kuzina, B. M. Kostyuchenoka. M.: Meditsina, 1990. 687 s. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C. T., Xu K. D., McFeters G. A., Stewart P. S. Spatial patterns of alkaline phosphatase expression within bacterial colonies and biofilms in response to phosphate starvation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998; 64 (4): 1526–1531.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C. T., Xu K. D., McFeters G. A., Stewart P. S. Spatial patterns of alkaline phosphatase expression within bacterial colonies and biofilms in response to phosphate starvation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998; 64 (4): 1526–1531.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarwar N., Gao P., Kondapally Seshasai S. R., et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Lancet. 2010; 26; 375 (9733): 2215–2222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarwar N., Gao P., Kondapally Seshasai S. R., et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Lancet. 2010; 26; 375 (9733): 2215–2222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурьева И.В. Возможности местного лечения диабетических поражений стоп. Русский медицинский журнал. 2002; 10 (11): 509–512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guryeva I. V. Possibilities of local treatment of diabetic foot lesions = Gur’yeva I. V. Vozmozhnosti mestnogo lecheniya diabeticheskikh porazheniy stop. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2002; 10 (11): 509–512. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киршина О. В. Клименко И. Г., Григорьев Н. Н., Горынин А. Г. Особенности заживления гнойных ран при комбинированном использовании NO-терапии и низкочастотного ультразвука. Вестник уральской медицинской академической науки. 2009; 3: 77–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirshina O. V., Klimenko I. G., Grigoriev N. N., Gorynin A. G. Features of the healing of purulent wounds with the combined use of NO-therapy and low-frequency ultrasound = Kirshina O. V., Klimenko I. G., Grigor’yev N. N., Gorynin A. G. Osobennosti zazhivleniya gnoynykh ran pri kombinirovannom ispol’zovanii NO-terapii i nizkochastotnogo ul’trazvuka. Vestnik ural’skoy meditsinskoy akademicheskoy nauki. 2009; 3: 77–79. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов К. В. Новые технологии на основе использования оксида азота и озона в лечении гнойных ран: дис. ... докт. мед. наук. М., 2002. 290 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipatov K. V. New technologies based on the use of nitrogen oxide and ozone in the treatment of purulent wounds = Lipatov K. V. Novyye tekhnologii na osnove ispol’zovaniya oksida i ozona azota v lechenii gnoynykh ran: dis. ... dokt. med. nauk. M., 2002. 290 s. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов К. В., Сопромадзе М. А., Емельянов А. Ю., Канорский И. Д. Использование физических методов в лечении гнойных ран (обзор литературы). Хирургия. 2001; 10: 56–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipatov K. V., Sopromadze M. A., Emelyanov A. Yu., Kanorskiy I. D. Use of physical methods in the treatment of purulent wounds (literature review) = Lipatov K. V., Sopromadze M. A., Yemel’yanov A. Yu., Kanorskiy I. D. Ispol’zovaniye fizicheskikh metodov v lechenii gnoy ran (obzor literatury). Khirurgiya. 2001; 10: 56–61. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Привольнев В. В., Каракулина Е.В. Основные принципы местного лечения ран и раневой инфекции. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2011; 13 (3): 214–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Privolnev V. V., Karakulina E. V. Basic principles of local treatment of wounds and wound infection = Privol’nev V. V., Karakulina E. V. Osnovnyye printsipy mestnogo lecheniya ran i ranevoy infektsiyey. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2011; 13 (3): 214–222. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cukjati D., Rebersek S., Miklavcic D. A reliable method of determining wound healing rate. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2001; 39 (2): 263–271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cukjati D., Rebersek S., Miklavcic D. A reliable method of determining wound healing rate. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2001; 39 (2): 263–271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каufmann S. H. E., Schaible U. E. 100th anniversary of Robert Koch’s Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus. Trends Microbiol. 2005; 13 (10): 469– 475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каufmann S. H. E., Schaible U. E. 100th anniversary of Robert Koch’s Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus. Trends Microbiol. 2005; 13 (10): 469– 475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balaban N. Q., Merrin J., Chait R., et al. Bacterial persistence as phenotypic switch. Science. 2004; 305 (5690): 1622– 1625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balaban N. Q., Merrin J., Chait R., et al. Bacterial persistence as phenotypic switch. Science. 2004; 305 (5690): 1622– 1625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costerton J. W., Stewart P. S., Greenberg E. P. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999; 284 (5418): 1318–1322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costerton J. W., Stewart P. S., Greenberg E. P. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999; 284 (5418): 1318–1322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metcalf D. G., Bowler P. G. Biofilm delays wound healing: A review of the evidence. Burns Trauma. 2013; (1) 1: 5–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metcalf D. G., Bowler P. G. Biofilm delays wound healing: A review of the evidence. Burns Trauma. 2013; (1) 1: 5–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глушанова Н. А., Блинов А. И., Алексеева Н. Б. Бактериальные биопленки в инфекционной патологии человека. Медицина в Кузбассе. 2015; 3: 30–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushanova N. A., Blinov A. I., Alekseeva N. B. Bacterial biofilms in human infectious pathology = Glushanova N. A., Blinov A. I., Alekseyeva N. B. Bakterial’nyye bioplenki v infektsionnoy patologii cheloveka. Meditsina v Kuzbasse. 2015; 3: 30–35. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шагинян И. А., Чернуха М. Ю. Неферментирующие грамотрицательные бактерии в этиологии внутрибольничных инфекций: клинические, микробиологические и эпидемиологические особенности. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2005; 7 (3): 271–284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaginyan I. A., Chernukha M. Yu. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria in the etiology of nosocomial infections: clinical, microbiological and epidemiological features = Shaginyan I. A., Chernukha M. Yu. Nefermentiruyushchiye gramotritsatel'nyye bakterii v etiologii vnutribol’nichnykh infektsiy: klinicheskiye, mikrobiologicheskiye i epidemiologicheskiye osobennosti. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2005; 7 (3): 271–284. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donlan R. M., Costerton J. W. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002; 15 (2): 167–193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donlan R. M., Costerton J. W. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002; 15 (2): 167–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breidenstein E. B., de la Fuente-Núñez C., Hancock R.E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance. Trends Microbiol. 2011; 19 (8): 419–426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breidenstein E. B., de la Fuente-Núñez C., Hancock R.E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance. Trends Microbiol. 2011; 19 (8): 419–426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen P. O., Tolker-Nielsen T. Report from Eurobiofilms 2011. Future Microbiol 2011; 6 (11): 1237–1245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen P. O., Tolker-Nielsen T. Report from Eurobiofilms 2011. Future Microbiol 2011; 6 (11): 1237–1245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplan J. B. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation. Int J Artif Organs. 2011; 34 (9): 737–751.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan J. B. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation. Int J Artif Organs. 2011; 34 (9): 737–751.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лямин А. В., Боткин Е. А., Жестков А. В. Проблемы в медицине, связанные с бактериальными пленками. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2012; 14 (4): 268–275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyamin A. V., Botkin E. A., Zhestkov A. V. Problems in medicine associated with bacterial films = Lyamin A. V., Botkin E. A., Zhestkov A. V. Problemy v meditsine, svyazannyye s bakterial'nymi plenkami. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2012; 14 (4): 268– 275. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чеботарь И. В., Маянский А. Н., Кончакова Е. Д., Лазарева В. П. Антибиотикорезистентность биопленочных бактерий. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2012; 14 (1): 51–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chebotar I. V., Mayansky A. N., Konchakova E. D., Lazareva V. P. Antibiotic resistance of biofilm bacteria = Chebotar’ I. V., Mayanskiy A. N., Konchakova E. D., Lazareva V. P. Antibiotikorezistentnost’ bioplenochnykh bakteriy. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2012; 14 (1): 51– 57. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mah T. F., O’Toole G. A. Mechanisms of biofilms resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol. 2001; 9 (1): 34– 39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mah T. F., O’Toole G. A. Mechanisms of biofilms resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol. 2001; 9 (1): 34– 39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spoering A. L., Gilmore M. S. Quorum sensing and DNA release in bacterial biofilms. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9 (2): 133–137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spoering A. L., Gilmore M. S. Quorum sensing and DNA release in bacterial biofilms. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9 (2): 133–137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плакунов В. К., Стрелкова Е. А., Журина М. В. Персистенция и адаптивный мутагенез в биопленке. Микробиология. 2010; 79 (4): 447–458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plakunov V. K., Strelkova E. A., Zhurina M. V. Persistence and adaptive mutagenesis in biofilm = Plakunov V. K., Strelkova E. A., Zhurina M. V. Persistentsiya i adaptivnyy mutagenez v bioplenke. Mikrobiologiya. 2010; 79 (4): 447–458. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leid J. G. The exopolysaccharide alginate protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria from IFN- gamma-mediataed macrophage killing. J Immunol. 2005; 175 (11): 7512–7518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leid J. G. The exopolysaccharide alginate protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria from IFN- gamma-mediataed macrophage killing. J Immunol. 2005; 175 (11): 7512–7518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotz F. Staphylococcus and biofimls. Mol Microbiol. 2002; 43 (6): 1367–1378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotz F. Staphylococcus and biofimls. Mol Microbiol. 2002; 43 (6): 1367–1378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинцбург А. Л., Ильина Т. С., Романова Ю. М. «Quorum sensing» или социальное поведение бактерий. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2003; 5: 86–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gintsburg A. L., Ilyina T. S., Romanova Yu. M. “Quorum sensing” or the social behavior of bacteria = Gintsburg A. L., Il’ina T. S., Romanova Yu. M. “Opredeleniye kvoruma” ili sotsial’noye povedeniye bakteriy. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii. 2003; 5: 86–93. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuqua W. C., Winans S. C., Greenberg E. P. Quorum sensing in bacteria: The LuxR-LuxI family of cell density responsive transcriptional regulators. J Bacteriol. 1994; 176 (2): 269–275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuqua W. C., Winans S. C., Greenberg E. P. Quorum sensing in bacteria: The LuxR-LuxI family of cell density responsive transcriptional regulators. J Bacteriol. 1994; 176 (2): 269–275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidelberg J. F., Paulsen I. T., Nelson K. E. Genome sequence of the dissimilatory metal ion-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Nature Biotechnol. 2002; 20 (11):1118–1123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidelberg J. F., Paulsen I. T., Nelson K. E. Genome sequence of the dissimilatory metal ion-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Nature Biotechnol. 2002; 20 (11):1118–1123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenal U., Malone J. Mechanisms of cyclic di GMP signaling in bacteria. Ann Rev Genetics. 2006; 40: 385-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenal U., Malone J. Mechanisms of cyclic di GMP signaling in bacteria. Ann Rev Genetics. 2006; 40: 385-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren D., Bedzyk L. A., Thomas S. M., et al. Gene expression in Escherichia coli biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004; 64 (3): 515–524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren D., Bedzyk L. A., Thomas S. M., et al. Gene expression in Escherichia coli biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004; 64 (3): 515–524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaldalu N., Mei R., Lewis K. Killing by ampicillin and ofloxacin induces overlapping changes in Escherichia coli transcription profile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48 (3): 890–896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaldalu N., Mei R., Lewis K. Killing by ampicillin and ofloxacin induces overlapping changes in Escherichia coli transcription profile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48 (3): 890–896.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pruss B. M., Besemann C., Denton A., Wolfe A. J. A complex transcription network controls the early stages of biofilm development by Escherichia coli. J Bact. 2006; 188 (11): 3731–3739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pruss B. M., Besemann C., Denton A., Wolfe A. J. A complex transcription network controls the early stages of biofilm development by Escherichia coli. J Bact. 2006; 188 (11): 3731–3739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Финогеев Ю. П., Павлович Д. А., Захаренко С. М., Крумгольц В. Ф. Острые тонзиллиты у инфекционных больных. Журнал инфектологии. 2011; 3 (4): 84–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finogeev Yu. P., Pavlovich D. A., Zakharenko S. M., Krumgolts V. F. Acute tonsillitis in infectious patients = Finogeyev Yu. P., Pavlovich D. A., Zakharenko S. M., Krumgol’ts V. F. Ostryye tonzillity u infektsionnykh bol’nykh. Zhurnal infektologii. 2011; 3 (4): 84–91. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts A. L., Connolly K. L., Doern Ch. D., et al. Loss of the Group A Streptococcus Regulator Srv Decreases Biofilm Formation In Vivo in an Otitis Media Model of Infection. Infection and immunity. 2010; 78(11): 4800–4808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts A. L., Connolly K. L., Doern Ch. D., et al. Loss of the Group A Streptococcus Regulator Srv Decreases Biofilm Formation In Vivo in an Otitis Media Model of Infection. Infection and immunity. 2010; 78(11): 4800–4808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez C. J., Kumar N., Lizcano A., et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae in Biofilms Are Unable to Cause Invasive Disease Due to Altered Virulence Determinant Production. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6 (12): e28738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez C. J., Kumar N., Lizcano A., et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae in Biofilms Are Unable to Cause Invasive Disease Due to Altered Virulence Determinant Production. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6 (12): e28738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тец В. В., Тец Г. В. Микробные биопленки и проблемы антибиотикотерапии. Атмосфера. Пульмонология и аллергология. 2013; 4: 60–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tets V. V., Tets G. V. Microbial biofilms and problems of antibiotic therapy = Tets V. V., Tets G. V. Mikrobnyye bioplenki i problemy antibiotikoterapii. Atmosfera. Pul’monologiya i allergologiya. 2013; 4: 60– 64. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бехало В. А., Бондаренко В. М., Сысолятина Е. В., Нагурская Е. В. Иммунологические особенности бактериальных клеток медицинских биопленок. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2010; 4: 97–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekhalo V. A., Bondarenko V. M., Sysolyatina E. V., Nagurskaya E. V. Immunological characteristics of bacterial cells of medical biofilms = Bekhalo V. A., Bondarenko V. M., Sysolyatina E. V., Nagurskaya E. V. Immunologicheskiye osobennosti bakterial’nykh kletok meditsinskikh bioplenok. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii. 2010; 4: 97–107. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голуб А. В. Бактериальные биопленки – новая цель терапии? Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2012; 4 (1): 23–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golub A. V. Bacterial biofilms – a new goal of therapy? = Golub A. V. Bakterial’nyye bioplenki – novaya tsel’ terapii? Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2012; 4 (1): 23–30. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Compans R. W., Cooper M. D. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Series Editors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008; 322; 249–289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Compans R. W., Cooper M. D. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Series Editors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008; 322; 249–289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гостев В. В., Сидоренко С. В. Бактериальные биопленки и инфекции. Журнал инфектологии. 2010; 2 (3): 4–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gostev V. V., Sidorenko S. V. Bacterial biofilms and infections = Gostev V. V., Sidorenko S. V. Bakterial’nyye bioplenki i infektsii. Zhurnal infektologii. 2010; 2 (3): 4–15. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евдокимова Н. В., Черненькая Т. В. Персистирующие клетки микроорганизмов. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2013; 15 (3): 192–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evdokimova N. V., Chernenkaya T. V. Persistent cells of microorganisms = Evdokimova N. V., Chernen’kaya T. V. Persistiruyushchiye kletki mikroorganizmov. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2013; 15 (3): 192–197. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильина Т.С., Романова Ю. М., Гинцбург А.Л. Системы коммуникаций у бактерий и их роль в патогенности. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2006; 3: 22–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyina T. S., Romanova Yu. M., Gintsburg A. L. Communication systems in bacteria and their role in pathogenicity = Il’ina T. S., Romanova Yu. M., Gintsburg A. L. Sistemy kommunikatsiy u bakteriy i ikh rol’ v patogennosti. Molekulyarnaya genetika, mikrobiologiya i virusologiya. 2006; 3: 22– 29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunha B.A. Antibiotic resistance: a historical perspective. Semin Respir Critl Care Med. 2000; 21 (1): 3–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunha B.A. Antibiotic resistance: a historical perspective. Semin Respir Critl Care Med. 2000; 21 (1): 3–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров Н. М., Балин В. Н., Кочеровец В. И. Ультразвук в лечении гнойных огнестрельных ран. Труды XII Всесоюзного съезда стоматологов. М.: МЗ СССР, 1981. С. 232–233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov N. M., Balin V. N., Kocherovets V. I. Ultrasound in the treatment of purulent gunshot wounds = Aleksandrov N. M., Balin V. N., Kocherovets V. I. Ul’trazvuk v lechenii gnoynykh ognestrel’nykh ran. Trudy XII Vsesoyuznogo s’yezda stomatologov. M.: MZ SSSR, 1981. S. 232–233. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бажанов Н. Н., Шехтер А. Б., Чикорин А. К. и др. Особенности течения флегмон лица и шеи при комплексной терапии с ультразвуковой обработкой гнойного очага. Стоматология. 1984; 2: 19–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhanov N. N., Shekhter A. B., Chikorin A. K., et al. Peculiarities of treatment of phlegmon of the face and neck in complex therapy with ultrasonic treatment of pus focus = Bazhanov N. N., Shekhter A. B., Chikorin A. K. i dr. Osobennosti lecheniya flegmon litsa i shei pri kompleksnoy terapii ul’trazvukovoy obrabotkoy gnoy ochaga. Stomatologiya. 1984; 2: 19–24. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баширов Э. Б. Комплексное лечение гнойных ран струйно-аэрозольной ультразвуковой обработкой и экспотенциальным током: экспериментально-клиническое исследование: дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 1989. С. 167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashirov E. B. Complex treatment of purulent wounds by jet-aerosol ultrasonic treatment and exponential current: an experimental clinical study = Bashirov E. B. Kompleksnoye lecheniye gnoynykh ran struyno-aerozol’noy ul’trazvukovoy obrabotkoy i ekspotentsial’nym tokom: eksperimental’no-klinicheskoye issledovaniye: dis. … kand. med. nauk. M., 1989. S. 167. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабанов А. Н., Деккер А. Ф., Ситко Л. А. Низкочастотный ультразвук в лечении гнойных ран и полостей. Вестник хирургии им. Грекова. 1982; 129 (11): 26–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabanov A. N., Dekker A. F., Sitko L. A. Low-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of purulent wounds and cavities = Kabanov A. N., Dekker A. F., Sitko L. A. Nizkochastotnyy ul’trazvukovoy v lechenii gnoynykh ran i polostey. Vestnik khirurgii im. Grekova. 1982; 129 (11): 26–29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шулаков В. В. Ультразвуковая аэрозольная обработка ран в комплексной профилактике и лечении осложненного течения раневого процесса челюстно-лицевой области: дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 1995. С. 5–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shulakov V. V. Ultrasonic aerosol treatment of wounds in the complex prevention and treatment of the complicated course of the wound process in the maxillofacial region = Shulakov V. V. Ul’trazvukovaya aerozol’naya obrabotka ran v kompleksnoy profilaktike i lecheniya oslozhnennogo techeniya ranevogo protsessa chelyustno-litsevoy oblasti: dis. … kand. med. nauk. M., 1995. S. 5–7. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биткова Е. Е., Скала Л. З., Михайлова Н. Н. и др. Влияние Мирамистина на кинетику роста условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Мирамистин. Результаты клинических исследований в хирургии. М., 2012. С. 121-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bitkova E. E., Skala L. Z., Mikhailova N. N., et al. Influence of Miramistin on the growth kinetics of opportunistic microorganisms = Bitkova E. E., Skala L. Z., Mikhaylova N. N. i dr. Vliyaniye Miramistina na kinetiku rosta uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov. Miramistin. Rezul’taty klinicheskikh issledovaniy v khirurgii. M., 2012. S. 121– 123. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
